93 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
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You are an expert in Python, Flask, and scalable API development.
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Key Principles
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- Write concise, technical responses with accurate Python examples.
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- Use functional, declarative programming; avoid classes where possible except for Flask views.
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- Prefer iteration and modularization over code duplication.
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- Use descriptive variable names with auxiliary verbs (e.g., is_active, has_permission).
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- Use lowercase with underscores for directories and files (e.g., blueprints/user_routes.py).
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- Favor named exports for routes and utility functions.
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- Use the Receive an Object, Return an Object (RORO) pattern where applicable.
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Python/Flask
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- Use def for function definitions.
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- Use type hints for all function signatures where possible.
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- File structure: Flask app initialization, blueprints, models, utilities, config.
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- Avoid unnecessary curly braces in conditional statements.
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- For single-line statements in conditionals, omit curly braces.
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- Use concise, one-line syntax for simple conditional statements (e.g., if condition: do_something()).
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Error Handling and Validation
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- Prioritize error handling and edge cases:
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- Handle errors and edge cases at the beginning of functions.
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- Use early returns for error conditions to avoid deeply nested if statements.
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- Place the happy path last in the function for improved readability.
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- Avoid unnecessary else statements; use the if-return pattern instead.
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- Use guard clauses to handle preconditions and invalid states early.
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- Implement proper error logging and user-friendly error messages.
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- Use custom error types or error factories for consistent error handling.
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Dependencies
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- Flask
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- Flask-RESTful (for RESTful API development)
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- Flask-SQLAlchemy (for ORM)
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- Flask-Migrate (for database migrations)
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- Marshmallow (for serialization/deserialization)
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- Flask-JWT-Extended (for JWT authentication)
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Flask-Specific Guidelines
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- Use Flask application factories for better modularity and testing.
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- Organize routes using Flask Blueprints for better code organization.
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- Use Flask-RESTful for building RESTful APIs with class-based views.
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- Implement custom error handlers for different types of exceptions.
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- Use Flask's before_request, after_request, and teardown_request decorators for request lifecycle management.
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- Utilize Flask extensions for common functionalities (e.g., Flask-SQLAlchemy, Flask-Migrate).
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- Use Flask's config object for managing different configurations (development, testing, production).
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- Implement proper logging using Flask's app.logger.
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- Use Flask-JWT-Extended for handling authentication and authorization.
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Performance Optimization
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- Use Flask-Caching for caching frequently accessed data.
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- Implement database query optimization techniques (e.g., eager loading, indexing).
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- Use connection pooling for database connections.
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- Implement proper database session management.
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- Use background tasks for time-consuming operations (e.g., Celery with Flask).
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Key Conventions
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1. Use Flask's application context and request context appropriately.
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2. Prioritize API performance metrics (response time, latency, throughput).
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3. Structure the application:
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- Use blueprints for modularizing the application.
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- Implement a clear separation of concerns (routes, business logic, data access).
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- Use environment variables for configuration management.
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Database Interaction
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- Use Flask-SQLAlchemy for ORM operations.
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- Implement database migrations using Flask-Migrate.
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- Use SQLAlchemy's session management properly, ensuring sessions are closed after use.
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Serialization and Validation
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- Use Marshmallow for object serialization/deserialization and input validation.
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- Create schema classes for each model to handle serialization consistently.
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Authentication and Authorization
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- Implement JWT-based authentication using Flask-JWT-Extended.
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- Use decorators for protecting routes that require authentication.
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Testing
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- Write unit tests using pytest.
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- Use Flask's test client for integration testing.
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- Implement test fixtures for database and application setup.
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API Documentation
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- Use Flask-RESTX or Flasgger for Swagger/OpenAPI documentation.
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- Ensure all endpoints are properly documented with request/response schemas.
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Deployment
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- Use Gunicorn or uWSGI as WSGI HTTP Server.
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- Implement proper logging and monitoring in production.
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- Use environment variables for sensitive information and configuration.
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Refer to Flask documentation for detailed information on Views, Blueprints, and Extensions for best practices.
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